Biosens

bSens.LAC

Lactate

RoadmapTechnology readiness level 5 of 9

A graphene-based strip test for measuring lactate at the point of care, planned for the same bSens One reader and architecture.

  • Expected result: a lactate measurement.
  • Intended use: not defined yet. The test is in development.

TRL, or technology readiness level, is a scale from 1 to 9 that shows a technology's stage of development. It does not indicate how a test performs.

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Scientific context

What the studies say.

Data from scientific papers and books. They describe the condition, the field and the technology, not bSens products.

  • 2 mmol/L

    Under the Sepsis-3 definition, septic shock is identified by a vasopressor requirement to keep mean arterial pressure at 65 mmHg or more and serum lactate above 2 mmol/L, without hypovolemia. This combination is associated with hospital mortality above 40%. 1

  • 11 million

    In 2017, there were an estimated 48.9 million cases of sepsis worldwide and 11.0 million sepsis-related deaths. That was 19.7% of all deaths worldwide that year. 2

  • 55.7%

    In a 2014 nationwide study of Brazilian ICUs, 55.7% of adults with sepsis in the ICU died in hospital, with follow-up of up to 60 days. The authors project about 420,000 ICU-treated sepsis cases in adults a year in the country, with 230,000 in-hospital deaths. 3

  • 348 patients

    A multicenter, open-label randomized trial published in 2010 enrolled 348 patients admitted to the ICU with lactate of 3.0 mEq/L or more. In one group, treatment over the first 8 hours aimed to lower lactate by 20% or more every 2 hours. Hospital mortality was 33.9% in that group and 43.5% in controls, a difference statistically significant only after adjustment for predefined risk factors. Lactate levels did not differ significantly between the groups. 4

  • The 2026 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline suggests measuring blood lactate in adults with possible, probable or definite sepsis or septic shock (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). The same guideline states that sepsis is a clinical diagnosis and should not be ruled in or out by a single biomarker or test. 5

  • The 2026 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline also suggests using serial lactate measurements to guide resuscitation in adults with sepsis and elevated lactate or with septic shock (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). According to the guideline, after the initial fluid bolus, fluids should be individualized rather than continued until lactate normalizes. 5

References

  1. 1.Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801-810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
  2. 2.Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020;395:200-211. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7
  3. 3.Machado FR, Cavalcanti AB, Bozza FA, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in Brazilian intensive care units (the Sepsis PREvalence Assessment Database, SPREAD): an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:1180-1189. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30322-5
  4. 4.Jansen TC, van Bommel J, Schoonderbeek FJ, et al. Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:752-761. doi:10.1164/rccm.200912-1918OC
  5. 5.Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Intensive Care Med. 2026;52:863-936. doi:10.1007/s00134-026-08361-1

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